18.-Attacking-cgi-applications-shellshock
1. Vulnerability Overview
CVE-2014-6271 - Shellshock
Description: A critical vulnerability in Bash that allows arbitrary command execution through manipulated environment variables.
Cause: Bash versions up to 4.3 improperly handle function definitions in environment variables.
Impact: Can lead to remote code execution in the context of the web server user, often via CGI scripts.
2. Enumeration
Discover CGI Scripts (Gobuster)
Identify potential vulnerable scripts in the /cgi-bin/ directory.
Verify CGI Script Accessibility (cURL)
Check for an active CGI script that could be vulnerable.
3. Exploitation
Confirm Vulnerability (cURL)
Inject a malicious function definition into the User-Agent header to read the /etc/passwd file.
Execute a Reverse Shell (cURL)
Inject a reverse shell payload into the User-Agent header.
Set Up a Netcat Listener
Prepare to catch the reverse shell on port 7777.
4. Mitigation
Update Bash
Upgrade to a patched Bash version to close the vulnerability.
Firewalling
Restrict external access to CGI scripts via firewall rules.
Decommission Vulnerable Hosts
If possible, remove or replace outdated systems running vulnerable Bash versions.
5. Key Takeaways
Shellshock is exploited via environment variables, often targeting CGI scripts.
The
User-Agentheader is a common attack vector for injecting payloads.Updating Bash is the best way to mitigate the vulnerability.
Always test only with explicit permission.
Replace IP addresses and ports with target-specific information.
6. Commands Summary
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